Spring 2006
Lecture Exam #1
I. Very short Answer (20) points
1. Type of epithelial tissue found when diffusion is important Simple sqaumous
2. A plane of section that includes a vertebra and your belly button transverse
3. Fiber type that gives connective tissues toughness collagen
4. Cell type that eats calcified cartilage and bone osteoclast
5. Type of ossification that occurs in a pre-existing cartilage model endochondial
6. The study of tissues Histology
7. Dense irregular connective tissue structure that surrounds a bone periosteium
8. Primary function of eccrine (aka “sweet sweat”) glands to regulate body temp
9. Most highly keratinized layer of epidermis stratum corneume
10. Type of cartilage that forms most of the embryonic skeleton hyline cartilage
II True/False (20 points)
Indicate which of the following statement are true and with are false. READ carefully!
1. The abdominopelvic cavity is a continuous space lined by mucous membrane. F serous
2. Elastic cartilage can be found in the intervertebral disk, were it provides cushioning F fiberous
3. Spongy can become compact bone T
4. Cilia help cells increase surface area, while microvilli help create surface current F other way around
5. Columnar epithelia are typically active tissues with high metabolic needs T
6. Synovial joints are usually capable of a wide range of motion F not
7. Mesenchymal cells are important for connective tissue growth and repair T
8. If a simple squamous epithelium became keratinized function wound not be affected F it would
9. Epithelial tissues are especially vunerable to drugs that interfere with cell division T
10. Mesenteris are made from serous membranes and bridge the somatic and visceral of the body T
III. Labeling (NOTE KAREN STATED TO ME THAT SHE WILL NOT DO IT THIS WAY ON THE TEST BUT LOOK FOR SOME KIND OF MATCHING)
Hyaline cartilage
Compact bone
Dense irregular connective tissue
Dense regular connective tissue
Simple squamous epithelium
IV. Definitions (30 points)
Define the following words. If a noun, what it is, where it is, and what it does are essential components of a good definition. If a proce3ss, where it happens, how it happens, and what the end result is are important. Remember, good definitions don’t use the word/s being defined.
Organ - A relatively independent part of the body that carries out one or more special functions. The organs of the human body include the eye, ear, heart, lungs, and liver.
Epithelium - The outside layer of cells that covers all the free, open surfaces of the body including the skin, and mucous membranes that communicate with the outside of the body. By contrast the endothelium is the layer of cells lining the closed internal spaces of the body such as the blood vessels and lymphatic vessels (that convey the lymph, a milky fluid).
Intramembranous ossification - is one of two types of bone formation and is process responsible for the development of flat bones, especially those found in the skull. Unlike endochondral ossification, cartilage is not involved or present in this process.
The first step in the process is the formation of bone spicules which eventually fuse with each other and become trabeculae. The periosteum is formed and bone growth continues at the surface of trabeculae. Much like spicules, the increasing growth of trabeculae result in interconnection and this network is called woven bone. Eventually, woven bone is replaced by lamellar bone.
Chondroblast - is a cell, which originates from a mesenchymal stem cell and forms cartilage.
Differentiation - is the process by which an unspecialized cell becomes specialized into one of the many cells that make up the body, such as a heart, liver, or muscle cell. During differentiation, certain genes are turned on, or become activated, while other genes are switched off, or inactivated. This process is intricately regulated. As a result, a differentiated cell will develop specific structures and perform certain functions.
V. Short answer (20 points)
1. Serous membranes and skin have very different functions, but both are formed from epithelial tissue connective “sandwiches.” Explain how the specific types of epithelial and connective tissues are responsible for their functional differences. Epithelial tissues are for protection and secretion and absorption in the body. Which is determined by cell shape and number of layers. Connective tissues are for movement and support of the body and is determined by the fibers and ground substances.
2. Karen says that “healthy cartilage in moist cartilage” Focus on articular cartilage and explain why moisture is so important to cartilage function, and how is this moisture is generated and maintained. Moisture is inportant to keep it lubercaited ( the joints) for frication less movement. There are minerals in the matrix of the cartilage that are water loving (hyperphilie) and draw h2o from surrounding tissue by diffusion.
BONUS write a rhyming poem using the word “synovial”
My ovial is so synovial. How can this be ? I have to be so jovial.
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