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Lecture Exam #1 2005 Note: this is from a 2005 Lecture, but your Exam will be about the same there has been little change over the years
I. Extremely Short Answer (20 points)
Write"ET" next to the phrases that are true for epithelial tissues, write a "CT" next to phrases that are true for connective tissues. Some may be true for both.
1. a covering or lining tissue ET
2. lots of intercellular material CT
3. basal cells highly proliferative CT ET
4. gets nutrients solely by diffusion ET
5. cells closely packed ET
6. can store nutrients CT
7. forms secretory glands ET
8. usually very well vascularized CT
9. the tibia is an example CT
10. found in serous membranes CT
II. Pretty Short Answer (20 points)
Fill in the best word or phrase that meets the description.
1. structure that anchors epithelia to underlying connective tissue Basal membrane
2. a plane of section that includes your belly button and a vertebra Transerse
3. fiber type that’s stronger than the equivalently-sized strand of steel Collagen
4. literally means “together-egg” Synorial capsule
5. type of ossification that occurs in a pre-existing cartilage model Endochondral ossification
6. the study of tissues Histology
7. dense irregular connective tissue immediately adjacent to bone periostium
8. primary symptom is inflammation of a joint Arthritis
9. refers to the outer body tube of the human body Viisceral part of body/Somatic
10. type of epithelium found where diffusion is important simple squamous
III. True/ False (20 points)
Indicate which of the following statements are true and which are false.
1. Osteoclasts make bone and osteocytes destroy bone. F Ostoclast destroy bone and osteocytes maintain bone
2. Mucous membranes are made of adipose connective tissue. T
3. Collagen, elastin, and keratin are proteins made by cells. T
4. Fibroblasts, despite their name, don’t make fibers. F Fibroblasts do make fibers
5. Chondrocytes communicate with each other through canaliculi. F osteocytes communicate with each other through canaliculi
6. Intramembranus ossification makes spongy bone and endochondral ossification makes compact bone. F other way arouund
7. The smaller the epithelial cell, the fewer active energy-requiring functions it carries out. T
8. There is fibrocartilage in your nose. T
9. The five most important atoms in living organsisms are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and plutonium. F four plutonium is not one of them
10. Cells in connective tissues are always packed closely together. F not always
IV. Short Answer (30 points)
1. Macromolecules are long chains of smaller molecular building blocks. Give three examples of types of macromolecules, and for each, name the basic building block. (6 points)
Protein- amino acids
DNA dioxgribonucleic acid
RNA Ribonucleic acid
2. Epithelia can be found in places where rapid diffusion is needed, yet also in places where an impermeable barrier is needed. Explain how the same type of tissue can be modified to serve such different functions. (6 points)
Shape of cell, number of layers3. Compare the location, secretory product, and function of eccrine and apocrine sweat glands. (6 points)
Eccrine produces water and salt (sweet sweat) found on skin
Apolcirne – produces fermones (stinky sweat) found in stinky places (armpis, groin)
4. Dr. Reiss says healthy cartilage is wet cartilage. Give three specific reasons why cartilage needs to be wet to function optimally. (6 points)
Reduces friction, allows gliding of joints, reduces pressure and impact
5. Explain, at a cellular level, how bone responds to stress and to the lack of stress. How does this response affect the way the bone organ looks macroscopically? (6 points)
Stress stimulates bone production compacter harder. Lack of stress stimulates bone destruction softer/more britlle
V. Labeling (10 points)
Label the different cell types, label the different fiber types, and describe the ground substance
 The very small lines are reticular
the next bigger ones are elastin/elastic
the big dot with all the stuff is fibroblast
the big rope things are collagen HOME
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